nelson mandela biographie simple

He was known for his lifelong struggle against apartheid (enforced racial separation), which was instituted in South Africa in 1948. For me, there was no contradiction.

His given name was Rolihlahla, a Xhosa name meaning pulling the branch of a tree or informally, troublemaker.He was a member of the Thembu royal family. Numerous banks and Thatcher asked Botha to release Mandela—then at the height of his international fame—to defuse the volatile situation.In 1985, Mandela underwent surgery on an enlarged prostate gland, before being given new solitary quarters on the ground floor.Mandela's 70th birthday in July 1988 attracted international attention, including In 1989, Botha suffered a stroke; although he would retain the state presidency, he stepped down as leader of the National Party, to be replaced by Leaving Victor Verster Prison on 11 February, Mandela held Winnie's hand in front of amassed crowds and the press; the event was broadcast live across the world.Mandela proceeded on an African tour, meeting supporters and politicians in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Libya and Algeria, and continuing to Sweden, where he was reunited with Tambo, and London, where he appeared at the In May 1990, Mandela led a multiracial ANC delegation into preliminary negotiations with a government delegation of 11 Afrikaner men. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He served a good portion of his life in prison for his protests, but became a symbol for his people. He was hospitalized in late summer of 2013 from a continuous Although Mbeki had not been his first choice for President, Mandela soon trusted Mbeki throughout his presidency. Mandela impressed them with his discussions of Afrikaner history, and the negotiations led to the Mandela was given an office in the newly purchased ANC headquarters at The democratic process was threatened by the Concerned South Africans Group (COSAG), an alliance of black ethnic-secessionist groups like Inkatha and far-right Afrikaner parties; in June 1993, one of the latter—the With the election set for 27 April 1994, the ANC began campaigning, opening 100 election offices and orchestrating People's Forums across the country at which Mandela could appear, as a popular figure with great status among black South Africans.Concerned that COSAG would undermine the election, particularly in the wake of the The newly elected National Assembly's first act was to formally elect Mandela as South Africa's first black chief executive. We hope, even at this late hour, that our first actions will awaken everyone to a realization of the dangerous situation to which Nationalist policy is leading. Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life.

That day, Miss Mdingane told me that my new name was Nelson. Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in Mvezo, Transkei, on 18 July 1918. He initiated an era of hope that, while not long-lasting, was nevertheless decisive, and he garnered the highest international recognition and affection.A friend once asked me how I could reconcile my creed of African nationalism with a belief in dialectical materialism. Our problems, while distinctive and special, were not unique, and a philosophy that placed those problems in an international and historical context of the greater world and the course of history was valuable. Held in Johannesburg Prison amid mass protests, they underwent a preparatory examination before being granted bail.In April 1959, Africanists dissatisfied with the ANC's united front approach founded the Responding to the unrest, the government implemented state of emergency measures, declaring Disguised as a chauffeur, Mandela travelled around the country incognito, organising the ANC's new cell structure and the planned mass stay-at-home strike.

Mandela received more than 250 honors, including the 1993 Mandela was sick for several years during his retirement.